Grade: High
Subject: Social Studies/History
Contributing Author: Danillo Ramon Ramos Nisio
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Essential Question

What is the influence of Brazilian music and culture in the United States?

Overview

In this lesson, students will examine Brazilian music and culture and its influence in the United States. Specifically, students will explore the Brazilian musical style Bossa Nova and the Brazilian martial art Capoeira. Additionally, they will identify two women Brazilian singers, Carmen Miranda and Anitta, that have had successful careers in the U.S. Students will investigate Brazilian culture through documents, online archives, articles, podcasts, videos, and songs.

Bossa Nova is a rhythm that was born in Brazil in the 1950s, specifically in the city of Rio de Janeiro. “Rio” is known for its stunning natural landscape, lively culture, and a bohemian atmosphere. Bossa Nova drew inspiration from both Samba and Jazz, while also leaving an impact on Jazz. Bossa Nova became more prominent in the United States thanks to the U.S. government facilitating collaborations between great American musicians like Stan Getz with Brazilian Bossa Nova trailblazers like João Gilberto, Antônio Carlos (Tom) Jobim, and Vinicius de Moraes, and others. It was an attempt to ease political tensions between the U.S. and Latin America. This mutual exchange led to notable collaborations between Brazilian and American artists, exemplified by the collaborative 1967 album between Frank Sinatra and Antônio Carlos (Tom) Jobim, Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim. Bossa Nova continues to influence contemporary artists like Billie Eilish, who has a song called, “Billy Bossa Nova.”

Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art with African roots. It combines elements of self-defense, music, dance, and acrobatics. Capoeira can be traced back to the slavery time in Brazil where enslaved people would hide their martial arts with dance and acrobatic movements. This scenario helps us understand why Capoeira is also considered a form of resistance and how it has made its way to the United States, especially through migration of some important Capoeira masters and the Brazilian community at large. Nowadays many Capoeira centers can be found in the United States and Capoeira can also be seen in some American movies. 

Carmen Miranda and Anitta are two Brazilian women artists that have had success in the American music industry and helped popularize Brazilian culture in the United States. During the 1940s and ‘50s, Carmen Miranda became an international symbol of Brazilian culture and exuberance. She appeared in Hollywood movies performing Brazilian music genres such as Samba and Bossa Nova. Through the story of Carmen Miranda one can look at Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy. This foreign policy tried to build better relationships between  the United States to Latin America. Carmen Miranda was considered the muse of the Good Neighbor policy. She was also responsible for popularizing Brazilian fashion. On the other hand, Anitta is a contemporary Brazilian singer and songwriter that has achieved international recognition and collaborated with several contemporary American singers such as Cardi B, Madonna, Major Lazer, and Snoop Dogg. Anitta was the first Brazilian ever to be awarded an MTV Video Music Award in 2022 and was nominated to the Grammy’s Best New Artist category in 2023 after Brazil being out of that category for 50 years.

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Objectives

  • Know (knowledge):
    • The influence of Brazilian music and culture in the United States
    • How to identify the Brazilian musical rhythm of Bossa Nova and the dance rhythm of Capoeira
    • The origins of Bossa Nova and Capoeira
    • The influence of the Bossa Nova and Capoeira rhythms on Jazz and contemporary American music
    • The Brazilian women Carmen Miranda and Anitta, and their success as musicians in the United States
    • How Brazilian culture was disseminated in the United States through migration
    • President Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy and how Carmen Miranda facilitated a closer relationship between the United States and Brazil, and Latin America in general
  • Mastery Objective
    • Students will be able to identify and analyze cultural links between Brazil and the United States by researching online archives, playing online educational video games, viewing videos, and listening to music.

Activities

Preparation:

  1. Set up three stations around the classroom for a small group activity. Each station will need a device that connects to the internet. Load the following materials into each station:
  2. Load this link (https://bit.ly/BrazilKahoot) for the online educational game, Kahoot! in preparation for the motivational activity. (Students may access the game on their individual device or the game can be displayed on a single screen in the classroom and played as a group activity. If the game is played as a group activity, students can participate by raising a sheet of paper with their answer when prompted to do so.)

Motivational Activity:A map of Brazil, including its regions

  1. Display Image 1, Map of Brazil and ask students:
    • What comes to mind when you think of the country of Brazil? (Allow time for student reflection and then ask student volunteers to share.)
  2. Gauge student knowledge of Brazil by playing the online educational game, Kahoot! using this link: https://bit.ly/BrazilKahoot. (Students may access the game on their individual device or the game can be displayed on a single screen in the classroom and played as a group activity. If the game is played as a group activity, students can participate by raising a sheet of paper with their answer when prompted to do so.)
  3. Reconvene as a class and ask students:
    • Did the game cover anything that you already knew about Brazil? If so, what did you already know?
    • Did you discover anything new about Brazil by playing the game? If so, what did you discover?
    • Were you surprised by anything about Brazil by playing the game? If so, what surprised you?
    • Is there anything else about Brazil that wasn’t covered in the game that you hope to learn? If so, what do you hope to learn?

Procedure

  1. Inform students that they will be participating in an activity to examine Brazilian music and culture and identify its influence in the United States.An image split into three columns. The first column reads "Bossa Nova" and has an collage of a guitar and people walking on the beach. The second column reads "Capoeira" and depicts a photograph of a capoeira circle with a man kicking in the air. The third column says "Carmen Miranda and Anitta" and portrays a photograph of each artist wearing a hat made of fruit.
  2. Show Image 2, Station Activity Choice Board. Ask students to choose one the of three stations based on what they already know about the topic, or based on what they think the topic might be about based upon the picture.
  3. Reconvene as a class and ask student groups to share what they discovered at their stations. If helpful, consider asking the following questions to gauge comprehension:
    • In which Brazilian city did Bossa Nova originate?
    • From which continent does Capoeira have its historical roots?
    • How was Carmen Miranda connected to the U.S.’s Good Neighbor policy?
  4. Finally, ask students:
    • What aspects of this lesson resonated with you the most? Why?

Summary Activity:

  1. Inform students that they will be participating in an online scavenger hunt to discover and explore elements of Brazilian culture within their own communities.
  2. Distribute Handout – Brazilian Culture Scavenger Hunt. Instruct students to follow the directions on the handout to use the internet with the handout to find examples of Brazilian culture in their community.
  3. Reconvene as a class and ask students to share what they discovered on their scavenger hunt. Then ask students:
    • To what degree is Brazilian culture represented where you live?

Extension Activities:

  1. Analyze these photographs by Pierre Verger documenting Capoeira.
  2. Read about the documentary, Carmen Miranda: Bananas is My Business.

Standards

Common Core State Standards

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading

Reading 1: Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.

Reading 2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.

Craft and Structure 4: Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 10: Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing

Text Types and Purposes 2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Speaking and Listening

Comprehension & Collaboration 1: Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.

Comprehension & Collaboration 2: Integrate and evaluate information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.

Presentation of Knowledge 4: Present information, findings, and supporting evidence such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Language

Language 1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

Language 2: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Social Studies – National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS)

  • Theme 1: Culture
  • Theme 2: Time, Continuity, and Change
  • Theme 3: People, Place, and Environments
  • Theme 7: Production, Distribution, and Consumption
  • Theme 9: Global Connections

National Standards for Music Education

Core Music Standard: Connecting

  • Connecting 11: Relate musical ideas and works to varied contexts and daily life to deepen understanding.

National Core Arts Standards

Connecting

  • Anchor Standards 11: Relate artistic ideas and work with societal, cultural and historical context to deepen understanding.

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